DIAZ BLANCAS SANDRA IVON.

"PASSIVE SENTENCE PRESENT"

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence ( english is spoken around the world by many people.

passive sentence is formed by verb to be in present ( am,is are) and the main verb in past participle.

the agent or performer in the passive voice is introduced in a prepositional phrasewith by english is learned by many students nowadays.

unknown or unimportant agent

in this kind of sentences the receiver is more important that the agent

the focus is on the action. the agent is not important

remember:verb to be / main verb in past participle.

EXAMPLES:

AFIRMATIVA: To form sentences in the affirmative should we use the verb 'to be' followed by a past participle.

Subject + am / is / are + participle + other sentence

1.     The tree is made of bills.

2.     Animals are sold in this shop.

NEGATIVE: To form the negative must deny the verb 'to be'.

Subject + 'm not / is not / are not + participle + other sentence

1.     The tree isn't made of bills.

2.      Animals aren't sold in esta shop.

INTERROGATIVE: For the formation of questions we need to invest the verb 'to be', as shown in the example.

am / is / are + subject + past participle + other sentence

1.     Is the tree made of bills?

2.     Are animals sold in this shop?

SHORT ANSWER: The short answers are very common, because when we talk we avoid repeating the entire question. We use the verb 'to be' to form the short answer.

Is the tree made of bills?

Yes, it is/ No, it isn't

Are animals sold in this shop?

Yes, they are / No, they aren't

"PASSIVE SENTENCES PAST"

The passive voice is often used when it is not known who carried out the action. It is also used to avoid naming who does the action, either because it is not important or because you are not interested.

EXAMPLES: 

AFIRMATIVA:To form sentences in the affirmative should we use the verb 'to be' in the past followed by a participle.

Subject + was / were + participle + other sentence

1. The house was cleaned today.

2. The desserts were made.

NEGATIVE: To form the negative must deny the verb 'to be' in the past.

Subject + was not / were not + participle + other sentence

1.     The house wasn't cleaned today.

2.     The desserts weren't made.

INTERROGATIVE: For the formation of questions we need to invest the verb 'to be', as shown in the example.

was / were + subject + past participle + other sentence

1.     Was the house cleaned today?

2.     Were the desserts made?

SHORT ANSWER: The short answers are very common, because when we talk we avoid repeating the entire question. We use the verb 'to be' in the past to form the short answer.

Was the house cleaned today?

Yes, it was / No, it wasn't

Were the desserts made?

Yes, they were / No, they weren't

"ZERO CONDITIONAL"

the zero conditional is a structured used for talking about general truths- things which always happen under certain conditions;also are used to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations.

CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE

a)the conditional clause and the result clause,it doesn't matter the order of the clauses,but.

b)the if clause(conditional)comes first you have to use a comma to separate the second clause.

c)the tense of the verbs or the tense of the clauses in present.

EXAMPLES:

conditional clause.                       result clause.

if you heat a substance,                  it expands.

if you heat water to 100 degrees,         it boils.

"FIRST CONDITIONAL"  WITH WILL 

if condition                     +             clause result

simple present                  +            will-verb base form.

if he finishes on time,                    we will go to the movies.

these situations take place if a certain condition is met.

they express possibilities in the future

the if clause expresses condition and is in present tense

if clause has to come first use a comma at the end of the clause

EXAMPLES:

1. if it rains,we will stay at home.

2. joe will buy a new car if he gets his raise.

3. if he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.

"PRESENT PERFECT "

Present Perfect English is a tense that is used to refer to actions that occur in the recent past and that have some connection with this. Its equivalent in Spanish is the Present Perfect: I have sent the letter. (Indicates that the action just happened).

In order to build the affirmative form of the present perfect we should be used as auxiliary verb to have in the Simple Present and accompanied by the main verb in the past participle (whether regular or irregular verbs verbs):

Remember that the 3rd person singular should place the "S" in elauxiliar as it is the Simple Present. However, to form a question we put elauxiliar the beginning of the sentence, then the subject and then the main verb in past participle also, for its part, the negative is formed by the denial NOTentre the auxiliary and the main verb, also You can use the contracted form of denial or placing HAS NOT HAVE NOT accordingly.

AFIRMATIVA:

1.     I have bought a new dress. 

2.     You have studied the lesson.

3.     He has broken the window. 

4.     She has lost the keys.

NEGATIVA:

1. I have not bought a new dress.

2. You have not studied the lesson. 

3. He has not broken the window. 

4. She has not lost the keys.

INTERROGATIVE:

1.     Have I bought a new dress?

2.     Have you studied the lesson? 

3.     Has he broken the window? 

4.     Has she lost the keys?

"PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE"

The Progressive or Present Continuous is used in English to discuss current situations that have started but have not yet come to an end: It's raining (It is raining). This verb form is often used to describe situations that we have before our eyes and we know that adults develop as we speak. Therefore, very often the Present Progressive is accompanied by adverbs or adverbial phrases like now, at the moment, at present, Currently etc.

EXAMPLES:

AFIRMATIVA:

The Present Continuous or Progressive is a verb form composed of the auxiliary TO BE conjugated according to the subject of the sentence, and the present participle form of the main verb (V + ing).

1. I am reading the newspaper.
2. He is having a shower.
3. We are playing tennis.

NEGATIVA:

The negative form of the Present Progressive is the negative form of the verb to be accompanied by the present participle of the main verb.

1. I’m not reading the newspaper.
2. He isn’t having a shower.
3. We aren’t playing tennis.

INTERROGATIVE:

Dado que el Present Progressive contiene el verbo TO BE como auxiliar, la forma interrogativa se obtiene invirtiendo el órden del auxiliar y del sujeto.

1. Are you reading the newspaper? 
2. Is he having a shower? 
3. Are they playing tennins?

"FOR & SINCE"

For (during) and since (since) are widely used with the present perfect (present perfect tense) and present perfect continuous (present perfect continuous tense). For it used to express the time duration of action, and is used to express since the time action began.

EXAMPLES:

1.I have worked for my uncle for three months.
I have worked for my uncle since April
2.We have loved each other for twenty years.
We have loved each other since 1995.
3.We have been in this city for five years.
We have been in this city since 2010.

"TOO & EITHER"

Agreeing with prayers or positive statements - ALL: To agree just they have to put the word "too" at the end of the sentence which they agree.(am/is/are/was/were/do/does/did).

EXAMPLES:

1. I like papayas.
2. I like papayas too.

Agreeing with prayers or statements negative- EITHER: To agree with a negative sentence simply they have to put the word "either" at the end of the sentence which they agree.(have/has/can/will/would).

EXAMPLES:

1. I didn’t sleep well.
2. I didn’t sleep well either.